{"id":7130,"date":"2025-07-18T07:00:18","date_gmt":"2025-07-18T10:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/martinszanchet.wjkmarketing.com.br\/?p=7130"},"modified":"2025-06-24T16:35:29","modified_gmt":"2025-06-24T19:35:29","slug":"crimes-ambientais-no-setor-rural-como-evitar-condenacoes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/martinszanchet.com.br\/en\/blog\/crimes-ambientais-no-setor-rural-como-evitar-condenacoes\/","title":{"rendered":"Environmental Crimes in the Rural Sector: How to Avoid Convictions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"49\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"49\">Criminal Environmental Liability Is Expanding<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"51\" data-end=\"466\">Criminal liability for environmental offenses has become an increasingly frequent reality in the Brazilian rural sector. Farmers, entrepreneurs, managers, and technical professionals have been targeted in investigations and prosecutions based on Law No. 9.605\/1998 (Environmental Crimes Law), whose sanctions include imprisonment, fines, shutdown of activities, and imposition of environmental remediation measures.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"468\" data-end=\"802\">These criminal proceedings typically arise from administrative infractions, geospatial data cross-checking, field inspections, anonymous complaints, or direct actions by the Public Prosecutor\u2019s Office. Given this scenario, legal defense must begin as early as the investigation stage, with a strategic, technical, and timely approach.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"804\" data-end=\"807\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"809\" data-end=\"843\"><strong data-start=\"809\" data-end=\"843\">What Are Environmental Crimes?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"845\" data-end=\"1060\">Environmental crimes are behaviors classified as criminal offenses under Law No. 9.605\/1998 that harm or pose a risk to the environment. For conduct to be considered criminal, the following elements must be present:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1062\" data-end=\"1303\">\n<li data-start=\"1062\" data-end=\"1115\">\n<p data-start=\"1064\" data-end=\"1115\"><strong data-start=\"1064\" data-end=\"1083\">An unlawful act<\/strong> (either by action or omission);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1116\" data-end=\"1187\">\n<p data-start=\"1118\" data-end=\"1187\"><strong data-start=\"1118\" data-end=\"1149\">Authorship or co-authorship<\/strong> (involving natural or legal persons);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1188\" data-end=\"1237\">\n<p data-start=\"1190\" data-end=\"1237\"><strong data-start=\"1190\" data-end=\"1236\">Result or potential for environmental harm<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1238\" data-end=\"1303\">\n<p data-start=\"1240\" data-end=\"1303\"><strong data-start=\"1240\" data-end=\"1303\">Lack of proper authorization, license, or legal compliance.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1305\" data-end=\"1481\">Liability may affect both individuals (such as landowners, managers, or technicians) and legal entities, including the imposition of autonomous criminal sanctions on companies.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1483\" data-end=\"1486\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"1488\" data-end=\"1514\"><strong data-start=\"1488\" data-end=\"1514\">Who Can Be Prosecuted?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1516\" data-end=\"1604\">Depending on the type of offense, the following parties may be investigated and charged:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1606\" data-end=\"1909\">\n<li data-start=\"1606\" data-end=\"1644\">\n<p data-start=\"1608\" data-end=\"1644\">Farmers, squatters, or leaseholders;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1645\" data-end=\"1712\">\n<p data-start=\"1647\" data-end=\"1712\">Business owners, managers, and legal representatives of ventures;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1713\" data-end=\"1791\">\n<p data-start=\"1715\" data-end=\"1791\">Engineers, agronomists, and technicians responsible for licensed activities;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1792\" data-end=\"1850\">\n<p data-start=\"1794\" data-end=\"1850\">Company shareholders, administrators, and board members;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1851\" data-end=\"1909\">\n<p data-start=\"1853\" data-end=\"1909\">Legal entities, including cooperatives and associations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1911\" data-end=\"1914\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"1916\" data-end=\"1966\"><strong data-start=\"1916\" data-end=\"1966\">Main Environmental Crimes Faced in Rural Areas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1968\" data-end=\"2048\">The most common criminal offenses in rural and agro-industrial contexts include:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2050\" data-end=\"2694\">\n<li data-start=\"2050\" data-end=\"2132\">\n<p data-start=\"2052\" data-end=\"2132\"><strong data-start=\"2052\" data-end=\"2063\">Art. 38<\/strong>: Illegal deforestation or deforestation without valid authorization;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2133\" data-end=\"2264\">\n<p data-start=\"2135\" data-end=\"2264\"><strong data-start=\"2135\" data-end=\"2148\">Art. 38-A<\/strong>: Clearing of vegetation in Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) or Legal Reserves (RL) without proper regularization;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2265\" data-end=\"2333\">\n<p data-start=\"2267\" data-end=\"2333\"><strong data-start=\"2267\" data-end=\"2278\">Art. 54<\/strong>: Pollution due to improper use of pesticides or waste;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2334\" data-end=\"2374\">\n<p data-start=\"2336\" data-end=\"2374\"><strong data-start=\"2336\" data-end=\"2347\">Art. 29<\/strong>: Mistreatment of wildlife;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2375\" data-end=\"2457\">\n<p data-start=\"2377\" data-end=\"2457\"><strong data-start=\"2377\" data-end=\"2388\">Art. 41<\/strong>: Use of fire in rural areas without authorization or proper control;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2458\" data-end=\"2540\">\n<p data-start=\"2460\" data-end=\"2540\"><strong data-start=\"2460\" data-end=\"2471\">Art. 60<\/strong>: Starting or operating an activity without an environmental license;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2541\" data-end=\"2604\">\n<p data-start=\"2543\" data-end=\"2604\"><strong data-start=\"2543\" data-end=\"2554\">Art. 40<\/strong>: Unauthorized intervention in conservation units;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2605\" data-end=\"2694\">\n<p data-start=\"2607\" data-end=\"2694\"><strong data-start=\"2607\" data-end=\"2618\">Art. 68<\/strong>: Omission in adopting environmental damage prevention and control measures.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2696\" data-end=\"2699\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"2701\" data-end=\"2749\"><strong data-start=\"2701\" data-end=\"2749\">Stages of the Environmental Criminal Process<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2751\" data-end=\"2809\">The environmental criminal process follows several stages:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"2811\" data-end=\"3458\">\n<li data-start=\"2811\" data-end=\"2903\">\n<p data-start=\"2814\" data-end=\"2903\"><strong data-start=\"2814\" data-end=\"2866\">Police Investigation or Misdemeanor Report (TCO)<\/strong>: Preliminary inquiry into the facts;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2904\" data-end=\"3037\">\n<p data-start=\"2907\" data-end=\"3037\"><strong data-start=\"2907\" data-end=\"2938\">Public Prosecutor\u2019s Inquiry<\/strong>: When there is no arrest in flagrante delicto, the Prosecutor\u2019s Office may lead the investigation;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3038\" data-end=\"3158\">\n<p data-start=\"3041\" data-end=\"3158\"><strong data-start=\"3041\" data-end=\"3071\">Filing of Criminal Charges<\/strong>: Based on collected evidence, the Public Prosecutor formally brings the case to court;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3159\" data-end=\"3233\">\n<p data-start=\"3162\" data-end=\"3233\"><strong data-start=\"3162\" data-end=\"3188\">Summons of the Accused<\/strong>: The accused is called to present a defense;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3234\" data-end=\"3319\">\n<p data-start=\"3237\" data-end=\"3319\"><strong data-start=\"3237\" data-end=\"3271\">Hearing for Evidence and Trial<\/strong>: Witness testimony and evidentiary proceedings;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3320\" data-end=\"3377\">\n<p data-start=\"3323\" data-end=\"3377\"><strong data-start=\"3323\" data-end=\"3335\">Judgment<\/strong>: Acquittal or conviction with sentencing;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3378\" data-end=\"3458\">\n<p data-start=\"3381\" data-end=\"3458\"><strong data-start=\"3381\" data-end=\"3398\">Appeals Stage<\/strong>: Opportunity for appeal, habeas corpus, or criminal review.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"3460\" data-end=\"3463\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"3465\" data-end=\"3489\"><strong data-start=\"3465\" data-end=\"3489\">Applicable Penalties<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3491\" data-end=\"3556\">Penalties vary depending on the nature and severity of the crime:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3558\" data-end=\"3939\">\n<li data-start=\"3558\" data-end=\"3653\">\n<p data-start=\"3560\" data-end=\"3653\"><strong data-start=\"3560\" data-end=\"3576\">Imprisonment<\/strong> ranging from 6 months to 5 years (depending on the criminal classification);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3654\" data-end=\"3720\">\n<p data-start=\"3656\" data-end=\"3720\"><strong data-start=\"3656\" data-end=\"3679\">Court-imposed fines<\/strong>, which may be cumulative or independent;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3721\" data-end=\"3770\">\n<p data-start=\"3723\" data-end=\"3770\"><strong data-start=\"3723\" data-end=\"3769\">Community service or restriction of rights<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3771\" data-end=\"3823\">\n<p data-start=\"3773\" data-end=\"3823\"><strong data-start=\"3773\" data-end=\"3822\">Suspension or shutdown of economic activities<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3824\" data-end=\"3873\">\n<p data-start=\"3826\" data-end=\"3873\"><strong data-start=\"3826\" data-end=\"3872\">Mandate to repair the environmental damage<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3874\" data-end=\"3939\">\n<p data-start=\"3876\" data-end=\"3939\"><strong data-start=\"3876\" data-end=\"3918\">Sanctions applicable to legal entities<\/strong>, as provided by law.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3941\" data-end=\"3944\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"3946\" data-end=\"4010\"><strong data-start=\"3946\" data-end=\"4010\">How to Structure an Effective Environmental Criminal Defense<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4012\" data-end=\"4259\">A successful defense requires a technical approach from the start of the investigation, aiming to dismantle the prosecution\u2019s arguments and demonstrate the absence of intent, negligence, or criminal significance. Common defense strategies include:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4261\" data-end=\"4632\">\n<li data-start=\"4261\" data-end=\"4317\">\n<p data-start=\"4263\" data-end=\"4317\">Proving the defendant&#8217;s lack of direct responsibility;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4318\" data-end=\"4401\">\n<p data-start=\"4320\" data-end=\"4401\">Presenting independent expert reports that challenge official technical findings;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4402\" data-end=\"4481\">\n<p data-start=\"4404\" data-end=\"4481\">Demonstrating compliance with regulations or the existence of valid licenses;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4482\" data-end=\"4541\">\n<p data-start=\"4484\" data-end=\"4541\">Showing the absence of actual environmental harm or risk;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4542\" data-end=\"4632\">\n<p data-start=\"4544\" data-end=\"4632\">Challenging the admissibility of evidence obtained unlawfully or with procedural errors.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4634\" data-end=\"4637\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"4639\" data-end=\"4687\"><strong data-start=\"4639\" data-end=\"4687\">Alternative Measures to Criminal Prosecution<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4689\" data-end=\"4791\">Environmental criminal law provides mechanisms to avoid formal conviction under certain circumstances:<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4793\" data-end=\"5122\"><strong data-start=\"4793\" data-end=\"4866\">a) Conditional Suspension of the Criminal Process (Procedural Sursis)<\/strong><br data-start=\"4866\" data-end=\"4869\" \/>Under Article 89 of Law No. 9.099\/1995, applicable to crimes with a minimum penalty not exceeding one year. The defendant agrees to certain conditions\u2014such as paying a fine or reporting periodically\u2014and the process is closed after successful compliance.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5124\" data-end=\"5347\"><strong data-start=\"5124\" data-end=\"5161\">b) Plea Bargain (Transa\u00e7\u00e3o Penal)<\/strong><br data-start=\"5161\" data-end=\"5164\" \/>An out-of-court agreement for offenses of lesser potential harm. The Prosecutor\u2019s Office may offer terms involving community service, financial payments, or environmental obligations.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5349\" data-end=\"5584\"><strong data-start=\"5349\" data-end=\"5388\">c) Non-Prosecution Agreement (ANPP)<\/strong><br data-start=\"5388\" data-end=\"5391\" \/>Since 2019, suspects may confess the crime and agree to terms negotiated with the Prosecutor\u2019s Office, thereby avoiding the filing of criminal charges and obtaining dismissal after fulfillment.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5586\" data-end=\"5589\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"5591\" data-end=\"5631\"><strong data-start=\"5591\" data-end=\"5631\">Criminal Liability of Legal Entities<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5633\" data-end=\"5878\">Companies may also be held criminally liable, independently of the liability of individuals, provided the unlawful act results from decisions or omissions by the company\u2019s management or legal representatives. Possible criminal penalties include:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5880\" data-end=\"6077\">\n<li data-start=\"5880\" data-end=\"5904\">\n<p data-start=\"5882\" data-end=\"5904\"><strong data-start=\"5882\" data-end=\"5903\">Substantial fines<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5905\" data-end=\"5946\">\n<p data-start=\"5907\" data-end=\"5946\"><strong data-start=\"5907\" data-end=\"5945\">Activity suspension or prohibition<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5947\" data-end=\"5977\">\n<p data-start=\"5949\" data-end=\"5977\"><strong data-start=\"5949\" data-end=\"5976\">Ban on public contracts<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5978\" data-end=\"6031\">\n<p data-start=\"5980\" data-end=\"6031\"><strong data-start=\"5980\" data-end=\"6030\">Mandate to carry out environmental restoration<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6032\" data-end=\"6077\">\n<p data-start=\"6034\" data-end=\"6077\"><strong data-start=\"6034\" data-end=\"6077\">Publication of the criminal conviction.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"6079\" data-end=\"6082\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"6084\" data-end=\"6138\"><strong data-start=\"6084\" data-end=\"6138\">The Importance of Legal Assistance from the Outset<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6140\" data-end=\"6354\">Environmental criminal defense requires technical involvement from the investigative phase, when legal strategy must be defined based on evidence, documents, and expert opinions. The attorney&#8217;s role should include:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6356\" data-end=\"6690\">\n<li data-start=\"6356\" data-end=\"6414\">\n<p data-start=\"6358\" data-end=\"6414\">Accompanying police interrogations and field operations;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6415\" data-end=\"6468\">\n<p data-start=\"6417\" data-end=\"6468\">Drafting a technical-legal response to the charges;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6469\" data-end=\"6519\">\n<p data-start=\"6471\" data-end=\"6519\">Producing independent environmental assessments;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6520\" data-end=\"6582\">\n<p data-start=\"6522\" data-end=\"6582\">Negotiating potential agreements with the Public Prosecutor;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6583\" data-end=\"6690\">\n<p data-start=\"6585\" data-end=\"6690\">Representing the client at all stages of the proceedings, including strategic appeals and oral arguments.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"6692\" data-end=\"6925\"><strong data-start=\"6692\" data-end=\"6734\">Martins Zanchet Environmental Law Firm<\/strong> is dedicated exclusively to environmental criminal defense, providing legal assistance nationwide for companies and rural producers facing criminal proceedings for environmental infractions.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6927\" data-end=\"6930\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"6932\" data-end=\"6946\"><strong data-start=\"6932\" data-end=\"6946\">Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6948\" data-end=\"7258\">Being charged with an environmental crime poses a serious threat to one\u2019s freedom, assets, and the continuity of rural or business activities. Specialized legal representation\u2014strategic, technical, and based on solid evidence\u2014is essential to protect the rights of the accused and to prevent unjust convictions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"7260\" data-end=\"7507\">Neglecting a criminal case or relying on generic defense strategies can lead to harsh penalties and irreparable harm to reputation and operations. <strong data-start=\"7407\" data-end=\"7507\">Prevention and prompt response are the cornerstones of effective environmental criminal defense.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"7509\" data-end=\"7801\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><strong data-start=\"7509\" data-end=\"7594\">Are you under investigation or criminal prosecution for an environmental offense?<\/strong><br data-start=\"7594\" data-end=\"7597\" \/>Contact <strong data-start=\"7605\" data-end=\"7647\">Martins Zanchet Environmental Law Firm<\/strong> and count on a team specialized in environmental criminal defense, with proven experience in protecting producers, business owners, and rural properties.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Criminal environmental liability has been increasing in rural areas, with farmers, business owners, and technical professionals being investigated for environmental crimes under Law No. 9,605\/1998. An effective legal defense, initiated during the investigation phase, is essential to avoid imprisonment, fines, and activity suspensions. This article details the types of environmental crimes, the criminal process, applicable penalties, and strategies for a strong technical defense, while also addressing corporate criminal liability and alternative measures to criminal prosecution.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":6498,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artigos","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Environmental Crimes in the Rural Sector: How to Avoid Convictions &#187; MartinsZanchet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/martinszanchet.com.br\/en\/blog\/crimes-ambientais-no-setor-rural-como-evitar-condenacoes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Environmental Crimes in the Rural Sector: How to Avoid Convictions &#187; MartinsZanchet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Criminal environmental liability has been increasing in rural areas, with farmers, business owners, and technical professionals being investigated for environmental crimes under Law No. 9,605\/1998. 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